loose leaf tea in the United States is growing
strongly as tea drinkers from all walks of life rediscover the
taste, health benefits and value of loose leaf tea.
But one must ask the question: why is loose leaf tea less
popular in the United States than in the rest of the world? The
answer lies in the combination of the political and economic
history of our country and the presence of the low quality tea
bag.
The Colonies Reject Loose Leaf Tea
Although tea drinking originated in China, consumption of tea
based on good taste, health benefits and the sense of well
being one achieved by tea drinking spread to the western world.
The American colonies embraced the habit of tea drinking after
tea was introduced by Dutch traders in the 17th and 18th
centuries and became one of the largest tea drinking regions in
the world on a per capita basis. Colony consumption of tea
dwarfed that of the parent country England.
The French and Indian War, or Seven Years War, after which the
British ruled supreme in most of North America, represented the
decisive turning point in British-colonial relations however.
The Treaty of Paris in 1763 ratified Britain’s undisputed
control of the seas and shipping trade, as well as its
sovereignty over much of the North American continent east of
the Mississippi River (including French Canada).
But the British expected the Colonies to pay for the war (the
British borrowed heavily from European Bankers to finance the
war) and this fact planted the seeds of rebellion.
During the years leading up to the American Revolution,
Britain, through a policy of salutary neglect, had allowed the
colonies by default the right to manage their own affairs. The
subsequent efforts on the part of royal officials to rectify
this deficiency and collect unprecedented amounts of revenue
violated what many American colonists understood as the clear
precedent of more than a century of colonial-imperial
relations.
New world institutions of self-government and trade, having
matured in an age of salutary neglect, would resist and
ultimately rebel against perceived British encroachment.
Taxation policy became a central point of contention, because
it tended to threaten both the prosperity and autonomy of
colonial society.
Between the Seven Years War and the Revolution the British
enacted a series of heavy handed taxation and other policies
that attempted to raise revenue and regain control over the
wayward colonies. Many of the acts focused on tea and the
result was revolution.
On the night of December 16, 1773 Massachusetts Patriots
disguised as Indians illegally boarded the Dartmouth, a cargo
ship bearing 342 chests of East India Tea valued at about
=A310,000. In defiance of Governor Thomas Hutchinson and British
tax authority in general, the intruders dumped the entire
shipment into Boston Harbor, precipitating a crisis that would
lead to revolution.
The Boston Tea Party was an act of uprising in which Boston
residents destroyed crates of British tea in 1773, in protest
against British tea and taxation policy. Prior to the Boston
Tea Party, residents of Britain’s North American 13 colonies
drank far more tea than coffee. In Britain, coffee was more
popular. After the protests against the various taxes, British
Colonists stopped drinking tea as an act of patriotism.
Drinking of loose leaf tea in the United States is only now
recovering.
Replaced by coffee and the convenient tea bag, consumption of
loose leaf tea would remain dormant until the start of the 21st
Century.
Enter the Tea Bag
During World War II, tea was rationed. In 1953 (after rationing
in the UK ended), Tetley launched the tea bag to the UK and it
was an immediate success. The convenience of the tea bag
revolutionized how Britons drank their tea and the traditional
tea pot gave way to making tea in a cup using a tea bag. The
success of the tea bag accelerated in the United States as well
and soon came to dominate the tea drinking market.
In a tea bag, tea leaves are packed into a small (usually
paper) tea bag. It is easy and convenient, making tea bags
popular for many people today. However, the tea used in tea
bags has an industry name, called “fannings” or “dust” and is
the waste product produced from the sorting of higher quality
loose leaf tea.
What is Good About the Tea Bag?
About the only thing good about the tea bag is the convenience
factor. In the past, many Americans were willing to sacrifice
taste and quality for convenience. This trend is now changing.
It is commonly held among tea drinking experts that the tea bag
provides an inferior taste and tea drinking experience. The
paper used for the bag can also be tasted, which can detract
from the tea’s flavor. Because fannings and dust are a lower
quality of the tea to begin with, the tea found in tea bags is
more tolerant when it comes to brewing time and temperature.
But the taste suffers in quality.
The main difference between loose teas and bagged teas is the
size and quality of the leaves . Tea leaves contain chemicals
and essential oils, which are the basis for the wonderful
flavor of tea. When the tea leaves are broken up, those oils
can evaporate, leaving a dull and tasteless tea as well as
losing many of the health benefits of loose leaf tea.
There is also the space factor. Tea leaves need space to swell,
expand and unfurl. Good water circulation around the leaves is
important, which doesn’t typically happen in a tea bag.
Loose leaf tea comes in greater variety than bagged tea when
one considers the multitude of blends and flavors that are
loose leaf tea offerings. There is at least one or more tea
blends for the palette of any individual tea drinker.
Additional reasons why bag tea is considered lower quality
include:
-Dried tea loses its flavor quickly on exposure to air. Most
bag teas contain leaves broken into small pieces; the great
surface area to volume ratio of the leaves in tea bags exposes
them to more air, and results in stale tea.
-Loose tea leaves are likely to be full formed and larger and
are robust for multiple infusion of the leaves. This results in
a lower cost per cup.
-Breaking up the leaves for bags disperses flavored oils and
other oils that support health benefits.
-The small size of the bag does not allow leaves to diffuse and
steep properly.
The Reemerge of Loose Leaf Tea
Every day more tea drinkers are realizing the benefits of loose
leaf tea: high quality, fresh taste, better health and well
being and greater variety offered. As a result the popularity
of loose leaf has grown tremendously among discriminating tea
drinkers.
Loose leaf tea is now enjoyed by millions of tea drinkers
throughout the United States who are looking for a beverage
that offers significant health benefits combined with good
tasting varieties and a low cost per cup.
Is Loose Leaf Tea Expensive?
The answer is no because high quality loose leaf tea can
support multiple infusions. Many tea drinkers look at the cost
per tin of loose leaf tea and conclude it is expensive. However
when viewed on a cost per cup, loose leaf tea is as economical
as bagged tea and you receive higher quality tea. Much of the
cost for bagged tea is a result of the bagging process and the
packaging of the bags.
What About Storage?
Tea in bags has a shorter shelf life than loose leaf tea
because the fannings in bagged tea tend to dry out faster.
Loose leaf tea has a longer shelf-life that varies with storage
conditions and type of tea. Black tea for example has a longer
shelf-life than green tea but all loose leaf tea, properly
stored, will maintain freshness for a long time. Tea stays
freshest when stored in a dry, cool, dark place in an air-tight
container. Black tea stored in a bag inside a sealed opaque
canister may keep for two years.
So, join the loose leaf tea drinking revolution for good taste,
health and well being. It is something that even the British
Empire can not stop!
About The Author: Marcus Stout is President of the Golden Moon
Tea Company. For more information about tea, green tea and
wholesale tea go to http://www.goldenmoontea.com
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