900 years garlic has been used for medicinal
purposes. From ancient Egypt to medieval Europe, all the way to
America, garlic has been used to treat different ailments.
Garlic has stood the test of time and now has over 2200
credible studies to support its health benefits.(1) These
health benefits of Garlic come at a price; garlic has a very
strong odor that can last a long time in the body; because of
this odor, garlic supplements have become very popular.
Garlic supplements are an easy and effective way to consume
garlic, so your friends and family will not be offended by the
odor. These types of supplements have been around for more than
25 years. There are two types of garlic supplements on the
market and hundreds of manufactures. You will find either Fresh
Garlic supplements or Aged Garlic supplements each of which will
claim their garlic is the best and most beneficial. We are going
to take a look and see which type of garlic is most beneficial
and why?
First let’s look at what makes garlic so beneficial for you. At
first glance, fresh garlic does not seem to be much of a
vegetable. Garlic is consumed in very small amounts; one
serving of garlic provides very little vitamins. For example:
the vitamin C in one serving of garlic is 1 mg compared to
potatoes having 26mg and broccoli having 82mg.(4) So what makes
Garlic so good? It’s the collection of compounds in Fresh garlic
called sulfur compounds, this is what make it beneficial to the
body. Over 90% of the research done on garlic has been done on
these sulfur compounds. Sulfur has been used in pharmaceuticals
for years. For example antibiotics, blood pressure lowering
drugs and diuretics all have sulfur. Since sulfur is so readily
absorbed into the body, pharmaceutical companies have been able
to blend sulfur with medications to make them more effective.
Researchers have primarily focused on one group of sulfur
compounds in garlic; this group is called thiosulfates. Alliin
and allinnase are the primary substances found in the garlic
clove and both are found in separate chambers in the garlic
clove. Allinnase is an activating enzyme, when garlic is
crushed or cut the alliin and allinnase combine to make
thiosulfate allicin. This new compound created is what gives
garlic its beneficial effects. (3)
Research has found that allicin has a wide range of benefits.
These benefits include (1) allicin can help kill bacteria and
fungi, (2) reduce inflammation, (3) prevent the common cold,
(4) stop tumor growth, (5) kill cancer cells, (6) help keep
blood from clotting, (7) prevent heart attach, (8) reduce LDL
and raise HDL cholesterol, (9) reduce triglycerides, (10) lower
blood pressure, (11) improve blood flow in the lungs and help
open breathing passages, (12) help reduce liver damage, and
(13) allicin works as an antioxidant fighting free radicals in
the body.
All the evidence points to how allicin benefits our body yet
aged garlic supplement manufactures discount allicin as the
primary health compound. You might be wondering why would
anyone discount allicin as beneficial when 90% of research has
focused around allicin. Is the research wrong?
The chemistry of allicin is why manufacturers claim allicin is
not the key component that benefits the body. Studies have
shown allicin to be an unstable compound. Allicin will breaking
down just after a few hours and can loose 50% of its potency
from 4 – 30 days if left exposed to Air.(3) Only a few
manufactures make garlic tablets air tight. Manufactures claim
that allicin can be destroyed by stomach acids and rightfully
so. This is why fresh garlic supplements are enteric coated so
that it passed through the stomach and opens in the intestines
where it is needed most. Once you understand how allicin works
in the body you will see why aged garlic is not the most
beneficial to choose.
Aged garlic has a compound called S-allylmercaptocysteine
(SAMC). This compound is what aged garlic manufacturers claim
is good for you. An interesting fact, fresh garlic doesn’t
contain any SAMC. SAMC only appears after the aging process.(5)
SAMC research has been studied with cancer, heart, immune
function, and stress. These studies were conducted with high
amounts of aged garlic, ranging from 10 to 20 grams each day
and after months and months of continuous use. These dosages
are nowhere near normal garlic consumption levels; for over 900
years people have been consuming fresh garlic and experiencing
benefits at minimal levels how can aged garlic be beneficial at
normal doses?
Aged garlic is made by placing sliced garlic in a solution that
contains 15% – 20% ethanol and then is stored for 20 months.
After 20 months the solution is filtered and concentrated.
While the solution is stored for 20 months, the allicin and
most of the thiosulfates are destroyed. Let’s now look at fresh
garlic.
Many universities from around the world have done research on
fresh garlic and the health benefits of fresh garlic
consumption. All these universities have been able to replicate
each others results further proving fresh garlic’s abilities.
Replications research has found answers to some of the puzzling
results in fresh garlic research. For example, before 1995,
researchers were able to replicate the cholesterol lowering
benefits of garlic. But one study after 1995 with clinical
trials showed inconsistencies. (6)
Dr. Larry Lawson, a highly respected researcher, closely
examined the tablets used in this clinical study and found that
these tablets were not enteric coated. Some of the people
consuming these tablets digested them in the stomach; the
allicin was destroyed before it reached the bloodstream. This
rendered the tablets useless and those patients didn’t
experience any beneficial effect when consuming the garlic
tablets. After finding out the clinical trial used poor quality
garlic tablets, Dr. Larry Lawson recommended new clinical trails
to be conducted on garlic with higher quality tablets.
Researchers need to look for garlic supplements that are
enteric coated and have an allicin potential rating.
Allicin can not be measured in a garlic clove or in an enteric
coated tablet. Look for a garlic supplement that has an allicin
potential rating. Credible manufactures will list this potential
on there label. Also, experts recommend the consumption of
4000mg of fresh garlic each day. To receive 4000mg of fresh
garlic each day in a tablet, look for a garlic supplement that
offers at least 5,000 mcg of allicin and at least 11,000 mcg of
alliin per serving. That’s equal to about four cloves of fresh
garlic each day.
Keep one thing in mind, garlic is a blood thinner, if you are
on medication to thin the blood such as Coumadin, consult your
doctor before taking garlic.
Garlic has been consumed for hundreds if not thousands of years
for spicing up meals and keeping the common cold away. Many
cultures have claimed garlic can cure what ails you. Finally,
research is here to back the benefits of fresh garlic and
explain why aged garlic doesn’t work. (7) Remember, when
looking for a good quality fresh garlic supplement, make sure
it delivers 5000 mcg of allicin each serving. You can find
Fresh Garlic and other vitamin supplements at your local
vitamin store.
References:
1. Steven Foster Group. Garlic monograph. Accessed on January
26, 2004. Available at:
www.stevenfoster.com/education/monograph/garlic.html
2. Grodner M, Anderson SL, DeYoung S. Food composition table:
garlic. In: Foundations and Clinical Applications of Nutrition:
A Nursing Approach. St. Louis, Mo: Mosby; 2000: 660-661.
3. Lawson LD. The composition and chemistry of garlic cloves
and processed garlic. In: Koch HP, Lawson LD, eds. Garlic: The
Science and Therapeutic Application of Allium sativum L. and
Related Species. 2nd Ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins;
1996:37-107.
4. Grodner M, Anderson SL, DeYoung S. Food composition table:
garlic. In: Foundations and Clinical Applications of Nutrition:
A Nursing Approach. St. Louis, Mo: Mosby; 2000: 660-661.
5. Lawson LD. The composition and chemistry of garlic cloves
and processed garlic. In: Koch HP, Lawson LD, eds. Garlic: The
Science and Therapeutic Application of Allium sativum L. and
Related Species. 2nd Ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins;
1996:37-107.
6. Stevinson C, Pittler MH, Ernst E. Garlic for treating
hypercholesterolemia. A meta-analysis of randomized clinical
trials. Ann Intern Med. 2000; 133(6): 420-9. Review.
7. Amagase H, Block E, Bordia A, Lawson LD. The controversial
issues surrounding allicin versus non-allicin containing
products. Presentation at the American Herbal Products
Association International Garlic Symposium. Aug. 1, 2000.
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